The Geniune Jew

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Lviv, February 19th 1904

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Lemberg, den 19. Februar 1904.

The Rabbinical question in Galicia

In almost no other country is the rabbinical question as important as it is here. In more developed countries the rabbinical question has long lost importance already. Nobody cares what a rabbi should be, finishing the Jewish seminary, having gained the title “Doctor” and being able to preach a good sermon - that already is sufficient. Nobody cares whether he is a real scholar. First, the Jewish communities would not be able to know that, as very few in control could study, and secondly they rely on the diploma which the “Rabbi” brought back from the seminary. Nobody questions whether he is actually pious as this is not the main thing… The rabbinical question, hence, is not prevalent there. - In Hungary, pious communities separated themselves from the progressive ones, they have created their own organisations and nobody tampers with the rabbinical question; in , two Rabbis exist in every community. One is called “Kazyone-Rabbi”, which means the administrative rabbi. He is responsible for the matricula, he is the governmental rabbi. Often, he does not speak a single word Hebrew or Yiddish, mostly he is a lawyer, a pharmacist, an engineer or similar. He only administers money and does not interfere with any Jewish matters. A second rabbi- called “Dukhovner Rabbi”, which means he is the real rabbi, a scholar, a gaon, a pious Jew, who works with the Torah all day. However, the government only cares about the administrative rabbi. The government does not care about the Dukhovner rabbi and every community chooses a rabbi however they want it.

Only here in Galicia, the rabbinical question exists and finding a solution does not seem to work. Most communities need an old-style rabbi, a great scholar, a gaon, a genuine pious Jews, who should devote himself to the Jewry and should be a shepherd, loyal to his religion. The law needs rabbis in bigger cities to have graduated and even in the smaller cities he needs to be educated to a certain point. But where does one get a rabbi who is a true scholar and has a diploma as well? As this law was created on March 21st 1890, nobody was asking that question. Our leaders in the big cities, our representatives in the imperial council are progressive Jews. They only wanted rabbis who can hold beautiful “sermons”, who are dressed in the latest fashion and should be able to “convene with people”, as they are calling it. They do not care about Jewish erudition, piousness and such and therefore this law has been passed.

One has to admit that the government understood the pious Jews’ interests better and brought more ease against the will of “our” progressive “representatives”. First they introduced a transitional period in which one can continue in a traditional manner and the rabbi does not need to know Latin or Greek. Another

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easement was made: every rabbi who has been a rabbi before this law, even if he is from a small town, can also become a rabbi in a bigger city, even if he doesn’t hold a diploma. Those who have been rabbis, can continue to be one and do not need to study. If a community petitions to the government to welcome a rabbi without a diploma, they will be allowed to do so. Therefore, the government makes every possible facilitation for pious Jews.

But the question prevails: Will it always be like this? How long can this situation still last? The transitional period has long gone by and the rabbis who have already been rabbis before this law will become less and less as time goes on. And if we want to make sure that the government will listen and fulfil the request of the Jewish communities they need to incorporate pious rabbis who do not have diplomas. Who knows if the progressive Jews who are superintendents in most communities, will allow another petition - against the will of pious Jews - a “doctrine” for rabbis as it had already happened in big communities like Drohobytsch. We will write about this in the following papers. We do not need to describe the damage this causes against the genuine Jewry and the dignity of the Torah. Every pious Jew knows and senses that the Jewish rabbis lose their reputation. They are considered to be invited guests who are tolerated out of pity. The pious Jews are the ones who mostly care about the communities, they provide the money for the ritual slaughters, the tax on kosher meat, the money for bath houses for ritual immersion and the like (which progressive Jews do not use nor need), now have to watch on how the money is not being given to the rabbi. Out of mercy he gets to be an assistant or a teaching rabbi who receives little pay. He has no reputation, no influence, he is not being questioned or listened to.

We have seen it all, as we are watching as Jewry is becoming weaker and weaker and the rabbis are being accused that they are not bridging the gap nor work towards improvements. However, we alone have to acknowledge this current situation here. The rabbis do have neither the power nor the influence to improve these conditions. The rabbis are not solely at fault for being silent on this. What should they talk about? They alone cannot procure their dignity. The community first needs to strive to take care of the rabbinical questions in order to get over the current tentative situation and create stable conditions. The rabbinical question needs to be treated in a manner so the rabbis are not looked at like invited guests. They only need to enjoy the respect and the reputation. Only then they are able to influence their communities, only then they can bridge the gap, and strengthen the foundation for faith in religion. That’s how Jewry will be restored in our community, that’s how the education of our children will become better and more Jewish and everything will take a turn for the better.

But how should that happen? Which means can the communities use to reach their goals? - It is not easy to answer this question in a newspaper article. The most important thing is that the Jewish communities, that our ultra-orthodox brothers will come to the realisation that it can not go on like this, that it has to become different and better. If they come to the realisation and want to wake up from their complacent sleep und want to start changing things, they will find a way for sure to improve those conditions - Hopefully my words encourage others to turn to the question, peace be upon you.

Hira and Harad.

Political News.

The war between Japan and Russia has taken up everyone’s attention around the world as it seems that all other political issues, which have happened, are being forgotten about. Not that anything particularly important has happened in the world, but it is well known that non-important things can become very important. Furthermore, we think it is only right to inform our readers about political news which happened in the last few days.

Austria-Hungary. The political conditions in Austria-Hungary have not changed a lot. The parliament is closed, the delegation is still consulting about the issues concerning both countries. Nothing important results from the delegations’ consultation. Both the Austrian and the Hungarian delegation mostly talk about domestic politics and barely touch upon foreign politics. Even when consulting about the military, military questions are barely tended to. However, in Austria it is discussed whether the minister of war is in the right: He gave the order that all officers and sergeants need to know the regiment language. Meaning that if a German officer in a regiment mostly of Poles, Ruthenians, Czech, Italians and suchlike, he has to know Polish or Czech or Italian. Of course, the Poles, Italians, of course are very satisfied with this edict. The Germans, on the other hand, are against it because this impedes the chance of becoming an officer. Not every German wants to learn another language. The Hungarian delegation also mostly talks about which concessions the minister of war of Hungary is allowed to make. He prematurely promises, how one says, heaven and earth. He is talking about new military academies, new schools with Hungarian as the language of instruction, Hungarian officers would only serve in Hungarian regiments to nurture the Hungarian national pride and suchlike. - But the opposition in Austria and in Hungary

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is still not satisfied. As soon as the delegation stops with their punishments and the Imperial Council opens up again, they want to continue their obstruction.

Nowadays, the word obstruction has become a very dangerous word in every parliament which they are fearing. By obstructing, just a few delegates can interrupt the entire parliament's work and the parliament cannot do anything about it. Representatives, who want to obstruct, introduce “emergency motions” daily, which have to be dealt with immediately. They constantly pipe up, hold lengthy speeches and request roll-call votes. This means they are not voting by raising their hands as usual, but every representative is called up by name and questioned whether they agree or disagree. This type of voting takes up to an hour of time and is done until the day is over. Therefore, the delegates do not get to consult about the actual subjects which are on the agenda. This is done constantly. However, if the majority wants to pressure the opposition forcefully to end the filibuster in order to accept a resolution or deal with emergency motions at the end of the session or to use roll-call votes only for important queries, the obstructionists moves on to “vociferous blockage”. They start to scream, to make noise, to rattle with the lectern, to throw books and bottles, bring fiddles and whistles, play and pipe and squeal until the president has to close the session. Indeed there are parliaments where there is a way to cope with the obstructionists like in Germany or in France. There is a paragraph in the rules of proceedings by which the president has the right to exclude those who disrupt the meeting for one or more sessions from the parliament. However, in Austria and in Hungary a paragraph like this does not exist and the president cannot work out a solution with the obstructionists. Moreover, the obstructions in these countries have endured for a few years already and nobody knows how to solve it. The parties do not want the president to finally exclude the yellers and noise-makers, every party is anxious to someday obstruct something. Therefore, they do not want to block themselves already.

It is unknown how this all will end. In Hungary, it might come to an end soon as the government gives the obstructionists everything they want. If it is not resolved soon, the government will be dissolved. However in Austria, it is not possible to indulge with the Czech as the German do not want to. It is also not possible to dissolve the government as the end of the filibuster is not known.

Italy. An alliance has been existing between Austria-Hungary and Italy for over 20 years. This means that both governments agreed to support each other in case another regiment wages war with one of them. If two countries are allied they are meant to be able to live in peace with each other. This is not the case here. The Italian government conducts itself correctly against Austria-Hungary, but they are constantly on bad terms, because Emperor Franz Joseph did not return the Italian king’s visit to 20 years ago. However, Emperor Franz Joseph cannot visit the Italian king in the capital Rome because the pope lives there as well who does not live peacefully next to the Italian government because they have taken his state! The pope excommunicated the Italian king and will not welcome a catholic emperor like Emperor Franz Joseph if he visits the Italian king in Rome. However, he proposed meeting the Italian king in another city apart from Rome. But the Italian king does not want that as he does not want to give in to the pope. Moreover, the relationship between both governments is strained. The current Italian King, Viktor Emanuel, has visited all monarchs, like the German and Russian emperors, the English king or the French president - just not the Austrian emperor. The Italian people show their hostility against Austria openly. The Italians insist on claiming Trieste, South Tyrol, Dalmatia, and other countries where Italians reside and unite them with Italy. Regularly, Italians demonstrate in Austria, Austrian flags are burnt in the street and the Italian government is just watching. First of all, it is anxious to act against their citizens; secondly, it also agrees with their people a bit, because they desire Trieste and Dalmatia. Only if the demonstrations become too intense will the government intervene as they should not act like that against a friend and ally. - The Austrian government watches the demonstrations calmly but cautiously. Nobody knows how this will evolve.

And indeed, important occurrences seem to be developing in Italy. As it has been told the last few days, Garibaldi - son of the well-known general Garibaldi, who helped uniting the small Italian countries to a big Italian country - is summing up voluntary states in order to potentially invade Austria and to take away Trieste . He has already bought 10,000 rifles and guns. Volunteers from all sides are gathering who want to join this national-”holy” war. - The Italian government remains silent, Austria as well. What can a few thousand volunteers accomplish against the Austrian military? However, if we take into consideration that a war between Bulgaria and Turkey - which Austria will be involved in - can break out any time, we have to admit that revolutionists can do great harm when invading Austria. Austria needs to brace itself early enough. - Trivialities can easily evolve into vital matters.

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Turkey. The war between Russia and Japan affects Turkey and its small neighbours Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece. Turkey only accepted the reforms Austria and Russia wanted Turkey to introduce in Macedonia out of fear Austria and Russia would coerce Turkey with violence. Now Turkey started to raise trouble against the reformations. Even the smaller countries on the Balkans, like Bulgaria, Serbia, or Montenegro, start to mingle from all directions and ready themselves for war. As the news is reporting, Turkey is starting to hire massive military forces from Syria and Asia Minor to bring them to Macedonia. Bulgaria is eagerly preparing for war and also Serbia is starting to move and rumour has it that even Romania is mobilising a military corps. Austria-Hungary wants to mobilise the military corps of Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. If a war is to break out in Turkey, Austria-Hungary will have to intervene, which Russia is already fearing in the case if Austria-Hungary will derive benefits from it. In any case, it is to be expected that a Bulgarian-Turkish war will be breaking out soon.

The War

Between Japan and Russia.

After the first news about the Russian losses at sea, more messages arrived according to which Russia has lost some more. Over half of its battleships have been destroyed, the military’s courage has been broken, they have lost their desire for war and everything seems like torture. The police in the country force the people to organise patriotic demonstrations, to yell “Hurray”, and are reporting on various misinformation about Russian victories although nobody believes those. The Russian Tsar has fallen ill because of the humiliation, he is angry with his ministers for what they allowed to happen in the war. He has weeped severely a couple of times.

The whole world’s sentiment is against Russia, citizens in every country are happy about the Russian losses. Merely the Slavic peoples, like Czechs, Bulgarians, Serbs and Greeks are aggravated about the Russian defeat. They are organising liturgies and pray to God to help the Russian military. But you can tell they are only doing it as a formality. Secretly, they are delighted that the Moscow chiefs receive a beating.

Russia is trying everything for the whole world to take interest in Russia; it is urging the papers to write that the whole world is supporting Russia, how Russia is fighting for European civilization against Asian savages, they are telling horrible stories about how Japan with the help of China will raid Europe and destroy everything, like the Tartars once did. However, everyone is laughing at these tails; nobody is afraid of the Tartars anymore. A little calamity will not harm Russia but perhaps improve it instead.

Particularly the USA is supporting Japan. They are collecting donations for Japan and are claiming to have already amassed over 25 million crowns. American Jews are buying a battleship at their own expense, equipping it with a military troop and cannons and then gift it to Japan. Money has already been collected previously; Russian stock has plummeted immensely. Even the Russian citizens are constantly anxious. The money from bank accounts are being withdrawn as the fear that Russia will empty the banks if needed predominates. They do not want to lend money to Russia.

Following news stories are being reported about the war’s process:

After the first defeat at sea, Russia experienced further significant losses. Particularly pivotal was the battle by the harbour of Chemulpo. Japan annihilated the entire Russian armament in the harbour there and sent over 20,000 soldiers on land. As Chemulpo is only a few hours from the Korean capital Seoul away, Japan has already occupied it as well. Japan is already in control of all of Korea.

As Japan has already occupied Chempulo, they have fully opened the way through Korea and are able to deposit all of their military there. In a short space of time, they have already 100,000 men there and are able to go into battle with the Russian army on land.

In the meantime, Japan has also attacked the Russian battleships in Vladivostok and destroyed most of them. They have fired at the most important harbour - Port Arthur - as well and damaged the stronghold as well as wrecked most of the city. Various news outlets claim that the Japanese have also settled an army there leading to Japan having occupied most of Manchuria and want to attack the Russian military from both sides.

The most important Japanese victory is the destruction of the Manchurian train tracks. The connection between the Russian military is therefore cut off. One part has no idea what is happening with another fraction which is hugely important in a war. - Whether the Japanese military, Japanese spies or the Chinese destroyed it is not known. In any case, these reports show how nifty Japan is doing and planning their actions and know what they want.

An important query is how China is reacting to the war. Korea has completely switched over to Japan. If China will also support Japan, Russia will not have any chance. The forces want China to be “neutral”, as impartial - meaning no one should involve China in this war as a World War could break out then because every state has claims in China. However, it seems that China will be supporting Japan if Japan emerges victorious. They want to get even with Russia that way as Russia has intensely persecuted the Chinese.

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It is not clear yet when the first war on land will take place. The Japanese movements are kept in secret and it is not known where they are stationed. Any time, the Japanese military could collide with the Russian one resulting in the first major battle.

Russian papers are spreading the news that the Japanese military had encountered the Russian one a couple of times already. The Cossacks would have demolished the Japanese each time. But as everyone knows, the Russian reports are lying; nobody believes them.

Meanwhile, Russia is mobilising their army in its entirety. Every third soldier of every regiment is being sent to the battle zone. Russian citizens living abroad who are liable to military service are being called back. Of course, most do not want to go. Several soldiers have also deserted the military and fled over the borders because they do not want to participate in the war. It is understood that Russia can lose their corps as they are losing their will to fight.

On the contrary, the Japanese enthusiasm for the war is high. Every imperial prince was on the battleships which bombed Port Arthur and nobody was harmed. Even the Japanese emperor wants to join the battle which no emperor before has done.

Threat of war on the Balkans.

According to the latest reports from Vienna and Constantinople, the war between Turkey and Bulgaria can break out any moment. Rumours originating from the Viennese stock market say that Austria-Hungary has already started mobilising the military to occupy Macedonia. In Rome and England as well, people are also talking about a war breaking out soon.

Whether or not these reports are sincere cannot be answered yet. Fact is, the reforms which were hoped to be introduced in Macedonia were not introduced. Macedonians are not happy with those reformation, the improvements are not enough. For Albanians (a savage Turkish tribe living in Macedonia) the reforms are too much. They claim that the Turkish government indulges the revolutionaries way too much. And because they are aware that Turkey has to give in because of the forces who demand the reforms they want take matters into their own hands. They are attacking the Macedonians; they steal, murder, and plunder as much as they are able to. The whole winter it has been silent. But now as it is becoming warmer in Macedonia and the snow is starting to melt, Albanians are also getting started again. Several places report pillaging against Macedonians. Of course, they also do not want to keep silent. Bulgaria wants to intervene and Turkey, which is not afraid of Russia anymore as they are entangled in the war with Japan, wants to utilise this opportunity: They want to attack Bulgaria and teach them a lesson not to start wars. Via a war which Turkey would likely win they would be able to get the Macedonian question off their mind. Bulgarians are aware of their dark end and want to stop scampering. The war perils in Turkey are high and Austria will be involved in the war without a doubt. Austria will not be able to just watch from afar what happens on the Balkans - being significantly interested there - and the circumstances being changed because of war.

Perils of war between Russia and England.

Since the start of the war between Russia and Japan it has been an open secret that Japan is supported by England and the USA. Russia gnashed their teeth, but had to keep silent. Once they win the war against Japan, they will settle the score with England and the USA. This hope has been crushed. Russia has been demolished at sea and there is no real chance to win on land. Therefore, a dangerous scheme was contrived. They realised that Japan is more powerful and therefore Russia wants to take revenge on England now, which is not that strong in Asia.

The newest telegrams report that the Tsar ordered to mobilise the military in Turkestan in Asia which is bordering the English in India. Between Russia and British-India is a small country called Afghanistan which plays the same role as Korea between Japan and Russia. The Afghan ruler is weak and lazy. He is supposed to shape politics on his own, but is at some times reigned by Russia and at other times reigned by England. Lately, England let their military march into Tibet which is also situated between Russia and British India and Russia is not at all happy about that. Russia is using this opportunity to demand England to withdraw from Tibet. If that does not happen, Russia will march into India via Afghanistan. Russia hopes England will recoil from this threat because little military is stationed in India and withdraw from Tibet. If that does not happen, Russia will start a war and will win it and therefore erase the shame resulting from the war with Japan.

However, it seems Russia is making a big mistake. It might be true that England is weaker than Russia on land, but how realistic is it that the war will only be waged on land? England will surely retaliate on water and will destroy the Russian battleships in other Russian harbours who have survived the Japanese attacks. “If God wants to ruin someone, he takes away his mind”. - This idiom seems to materialise in Russia. This is the beginning of the end for Russia. "His hand is in everything and everyone's hand is in Him".

News.

Jewish News.

(Japan). Because of the war Japan is waging with Russia, the whole world is interested in Japan and whether Jews are living there. According to the latest reports around 100 Jews are living there. Twenty Jewish families live in the capital Tokyo. Several foreign merchants live in the capital of Yokohama, including some from Galicia. Only 60 years ago Jewish people immigrated to Japan because before then they were not allowed to. In Japan, there is freedom of religion and Jews are equal with every citizen in the country. - Few Jews live in Korea, the country Japan is waging war against Russia for. A few years ago a Jew operated a European restaurant in the capital Seoul; it is not known whether he still lives there.

(Budapest). In December 1903, 453 interfaith marriages (meaning a marriage between a Jewish groom and a Christian bride or the other way around) took place. Those mixed marriages increase constantly and the children who result from them are mostly raised Christian, those are the results of the assimilation (adapting to Christian customs and culture). -

The Jew Elijah Hift in Berehove inherited 300 million. His relative William Leidesdorff immigrated to the USA 80 years ago and died in 1848 in San Francisco. He left a fortune of 700,000 dollars which was deposited in the treasury until now and amassed to 300 million. Now an heir has been found who is receiving the money.

(St Petersburg). While consulting whether Jewish people should be allowed to live everywhere in Russia (which we have reported on in No. 1), three provincial governments were against it and four agreed to it. Because of the current war, this topic will be postponed, who knows how long.

(Warsaw). In a small town in the Płock province, farmers wanted to destroy the Eruv which Jewish people built to spend Shabbat there. Jewish people there stood in the farmers’ way and some were beaten. Therefore, the Jews filed a suit but the judges wanted to release the farmers which led to a protest. Nobody was invited to speak and in the end the farmers were exculpated. The Jewish lawyer wanted to object, but the court told him to wait until the verdict was sent to him. After some weeks the lawyer still has not received the verdict and turned to the court. The court told him that the verdict has long been spoken already and filed and it is therefore too late to appeal. The lawyer then handed in an appeal to the senate. We are very curious whether we can count on a Russian court but currently duplicity and antisemitism dominates the courts.

(Bucharest). The Jewish emigration from Romania increased in the past year. Two to three years ago emigration was very high. One year ago it subsided a bit. Then 1903, again 8011 Jews emigrated from Romania.

(England). Antisemitism in England is rising again. From all sides persecution is reported on. But not only workers or mobs bear grudges against Jews, but higher classes now as well. For a long time already, people have appealed to the government to create a law against immigration which would hamper Jewish people to immigrate to England. The government did not want to introduce such a law, because a free country like England does not want to exhibit antisemitism. - However, the government gave in now. A law was presented in parliament according to which every foreigner who wants to settle in England needs to possess a passport and a Moralitätszeugnis - a testimonial for moral behaviour. The following three years they are then under supervision of the police which should immediately deport if any wrongdoings take place. Only after five years are they able to become a citizen. The government can also decide on one place where immigrants should live together. - All of these clauses are directed against Jewish people. Unfortunate Jews are persecuted like this in the whole world.

(Chernivtsi). The delegates from every Jewish community assembled last week in Bukovina. They decided to form a Jewish Community Association, which should not care about matters regarding religion and faith, such as rabbis, ritual slaughters, sleeping houses and such.

Jewish persecution in Morocco

New details to the horrible persecution against Jews in Morocco, which we have reported on in No. 2 have been reported on. On December 17th, a horrible disaster befell the Jewish community in Settat. The Jewish community, about 7,500 souls, mostly artisans and peddlers fell into misery after a sudden attack. The Jewish people were praying in the synagogue when a heap of “Kabyle people” (wild Arabs) came riding on horses and destroyed the Jewish quarters. They plundered and demolished whatever they could and took several women and children captive. Two Jews have been trampled to death, children and women have been horribly beaten and tormented. Caretakers and their children have been ripped out of their beds and been thrown onto the streets. Over 200 houses have been destroyed. Bread and other foods have been stolen almost everywhere. The unlucky Jews have fled into all directions; nobody knew where the other one was. Some families found each other only after weeks. The Arabs demand huge ransom for their prisoners. The Arab-family “Oled Harim” showed themselves to be benevolent. They took in many eloping Jews in their homes. One of them rode out with several families to bring back to the city those who were wandering around. - A big part of the fleeing ones, 700 individuals, fled to Casablanca. -

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In the city Marrakech, where 14,000 Jews reside, persecution has been reported as well.

Feuilleton

Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg.

(A historical retelling).

b.

Rabbi Meir and his student Asher went out of the room and into the guest room where several of the rabbi’s students and homeowners were waiting, because Rabbi Meir usually does not stroll through the city alone, but his student and homeowners accompany him.

Back then, the rabbi used to have a lot of power and influence on their communities, the governments supporting them. Not only Jews, but also Christians used to come and whatever the rabbi’s judgement was, it was accepted. The rabbi could also punish those who did not want to accept his verdict.

Whenever the rabbi went through the city, he always had an attendant in uniform with a stick going in front of him. Behind him the rabbi and two students, one on each side, followed the attendant - on holidays, two assistants accompanied him as well - and at the back homeowners followed with big sticks as well as knives and spears under their clothes. In case they were to be attacked by a mob they could defend themselves. During the ruling of Albert it has been quiet in the country and there was no need to be afraid of the rubble, but it has been custom for his students to accompany the rabbi and it stayed like this. And so also this time, Rabbi Meir went to the monarch with company.

A courtier was waiting at the palace’s gate who had waited for Meir and greeted him with great respect. He led the entourage into an anteroom and the rabbi in a huge hall. Meir noticed immediately that the man led him another way than usual. As soon as they entered the room, the court official quickly left the rabbi alone. Suddenly, a door opened and an unfamiliar man rapidly approached the rabbi asking him “Do you still remember me?”

“Yes, I know you from long ago” - answered the rabbi, “but for a few years now I do not want to know you anymore.”

“Oy, old fool!” said the man irritated. “Do you not know that I have you over a barrel and I can do whatever I want with you? This very day you will know who I am and how I can harm you and your people. You will think of me as long as you live and you will be aware of what Kempe can do. Kneel and bow before me. If you do not want to do it today out of free will, you will have to do it tomorrow by force. - In the past I stood before you with humbleness and respect but now the tables have turned for you to know what I can do”.

Kneppe’s words dug into Meir’s heart like arrows. But he kept calm and said “For God I may kneel and bow, God can do with me whatever He wants. I stand before His judgement and I receive His love. - But you? You who left me, your people, and your faith; I will neither bow nor kneel in front of you, even if you kill me. I am not afraid of you. Do you think I do not know how you want to harm me and my people? I know exactly how you have risen like Haman to destroy me and my people. But you should know that you are not the first one who has done so and has become enemies with their father and mother, their brothers and the end of the villain was also their end. The world will erase you; your legacy will forever be lost. - I do not seek to curse you, only you and your depravity cause your curse, which will follow you as long as your life".

Kneppe grinds his teeth angrily. His eyes turned red like fire and his appearance turned oddly wild. He yelled: “Just you wait, I will take vengeance on you and your people. I will drink your blood and will take out all of my evil heart on you. Now go wherever you want to. Your path leads you to death.”

Kneppe yelled and cursed a lot. The rabbi was ashamed to hear all of that, but he let him, and knocked on a door which led to the princely hall. The door opened, the clerk came in and Kempe quickly vanished.

Statistical Reports.

Salt, beer and spirits - production in Galicia.

In Galicia, in December 1903, 754 spirit distilleries produced 9,790,861 degrees. Namely, in the Brody oblast are 86 distilleries (production of 1,237,455 degrees), in the Berezhany oblast: 77 (1,006,600), Chortkiv oblast: 64 (1,006,500), Jarosław oblast: 30 (410,375), Krakow oblast: 49 (703,420), Lviv oblast: 37 (318,850), Rzeszów oblast: 48 (435,636), Sambir oblast: 27 (326,150), Sanok oblast: 28 (251,900), Stanisławów oblast: 43 (620,315), Wadowice oblast: 20 (143,740), Gmina Żółkiewka: 88 (1,180,520).

In Galicia, in December 1903, 89 breweries produced 81,707 hectolitres of (beer). Namely, in the Brody oblast are 10 breweries (production of 6569), in the Berezhany oblast: 4 (1823), Chortkiv oblast: 3 (1087), Jarosław oblast: 30 (410,375), Kolomyia oblast: 4 (4348), Krakow oblast: 4 (1800), Lviv oblast: 5 (4672), Nysa oblast: 6 (3700), Przemyśl oblast: 3 (4272), Rzeszów oblast: 9 (4363), Sambir oblast: 5 (2296), Sanok oblast: 4 (4165), Stanisławów oblast: 7 (7196), Ternopil oblast: 10 (5083), Ternova oblast: 3 20,407) [sic; (2040)] Wadowice oblast: 7 (7196), Gmina Żółkiewka oblast: 2 (540), in the city Krakow: 2 (3040), in Lviv: 1 (9100).

The salt production in Galicia of December 1901 was 190,910 quintals. In the same month in 1902 it was merely 99,445 quintals. Therefore, last year 91,479 more quintals were produced.

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